Is persecution on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression grounds for refuge?

Yes, persecution based on sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression is a recognised ground for requesting refuge, as it falls within the framework of belonging to a particular social group, in accordance with the 1951 Convention, the 1984 Cartagena Declaration, UNHCR standards and Colombian constitutional jurisprudence. Colombia recognises that discrimination, violence and criminalisation against LGBTIQ+ persons can constitute serious persecution leading to forced international displacement. However, each case must be analysed individually.