Does changing my sex on my birth certificate automatically change my identity card and other documents?

No, after the public deed has been executed and the sex component has been corrected in the civil registry of birth, in accordance with the self-determined gender identity, the change of the identity card must be processed at the Civil Registry Office: https://www.registraduria.gov.co/Que-hago-si-se-vence-la-contrasena-o-comprobante-de-documento-en-tramite-y-aun.html. Additionally, you must go to each institution where you have documents or titles with your previous identity to modify this information. Keep in mind that academic degrees, driver's license, public deeds, securities, contracts, information before the EPS and Pension Administrators, banks, among other elements must be updated to avoid problems. You can use the Habeas Data recourse for these procedures.